Security Methods to Improve Quality of Service

INTRODUCTION: Security and Quality of Service (QoS) are two of the most critical aspects of communication networks. Security measures are implemented to protect the network from unauthorized access and malicious attacks, whereas QoS measures are implemented to ensure that the network is reliable, efficient, and can meet the demands of users. OBJECTIVES: This paper examines various methods of network security and their impact on the quality of service (QoS) in computer networks. The study analyses different types of network attacks, such as denial of service (DoS), distributed denial of service (DDoS), and intrusion attempts, and their impact on QoS. The paper also explores various security mechanisms, such as intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS), firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), and techniques for encryption, that can help mitigate network security threats while maintaining QoS.METHODS: The study evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the security mechanisms in terms of their ability to provide protection against network attacks while minimizing the impact on QoS. RESULTS: The paper provides recommendations for organizations to enhance their network security posture while improving the QoS, such as implementing robust network security policies, investing in advanced security tools, and training employees to recognize and respond to network security incidents. CONCLUSION: This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of network security methods and their impact on QoS, providing insights and recommendations for organizations to improve their network security posture and maintain a high level of QoS.hese are the conclusions of this paper.


Introduction
Security and Quality of Service (QoS) are two of the most critical aspects of communication networks.Security measures are implemented to protect the network from unauthorized access and malicious attacks, whereas QoS measures are implemented to ensure that the network is reliable, efficient, and can meet the demands of users.However, the implementation of security measures often leads to reduced QoS [1][2][3], leading to slower network performance, increased latency, and other issues.Therefore, it is essential to find a balance between security and QoS to provide a seamless and secure network experience to users.In recent years, several security methods have been developed and implemented to improve network security while maintaining optimal QoS.This review paper aims to examine the effectiveness of different security methods in enhancing the QoS of communication networks.Specifically, we will discuss [4,5] various security methods such as encryption, intrusion detection systems, firewalls and network access control, among others, and their impact on the QoS of communication networks.Overall, this review paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the different security methods that can be used to enhance the QoS of communication networks.By examining the various methods [6][7][8] and their impact on network performance, this review paper will provide insights into how security and QoS can be balanced to provide a secure and reliable network experience for users.Ghosh et al. (2023) embarked on a comprehensive study to assess water quality through predictive machine learning.Their research underscored the potential of machine learning models in effectively assessing and classifying water quality.The dataset used for this purpose included parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, and TDS.Among the various models they employed, the Random Forest model emerged as the most accurate, achieving a commendable accuracy rate of 78.96%.In contrast, the SVM model lagged behind, registering the lowest accuracy of 68.29% [23].Alenezi et al. (2021) developed a novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) integrated with a block-greedy algorithm to enhance underwater image dehazing.The method addresses color channel attenuation and optimizes local and global pixel values.By employing a unique Markov random field, the approach refines image edges.Performance evaluations, using metrics like UCIQE and UIQM, demonstrated the superiority of this method over existing techniques, resulting in sharper, clearer, and more colorful underwater images [24].Sharma et al. ( 2020) presented a comprehensive study on the impact of COVID-19 on global financial indicators, emphasizing its swift and significant disruption.The research highlighted the massive economic downturn, with global markets losing over US $6 trillion in a week in February 2020.Their multivariate analysis provided insights into the influence of containment policies on various financial metrics.The study underscores the profound effects of the pandemic on economic activities and the potential of using advanced algorithms for detection and analysis [25].

Differentiating Data Security and Network Security
Network security and data security are both important aspects of overall information security, but they differ in their scope and focus.Network security refers to the measures taken to protect the underlying infrastructure of a computer network from unauthorized access and malicious attacks.It involves the implementation of various security measures, such as intrusion detection systems, firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), and network access controls, to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of network resources.The primary goal of network security is to safeguard the network itself and the devices connected to it from external threats and vulnerabilities [9][10] On the other hand, Data security pertains to safeguarding digital data against unauthorized access and theft, or corruption throughout its lifecycle.This includes the data at rest (stored data), data in transit (being transferred over a network), and data in use (being processed by a system).Data security measures typically include encryption, access control, authentication, backup and recovery, and data loss prevention techniques.The primary objective of data security is to ensure that data is kept secure, private, and available only to authorized users.
In summary, network security focuses on protecting the underlying infrastructure of a computer network from external threats and vulnerabilities, while data security focuses on safeguarding digital data from unauthorized access, theft, or corruption throughout its lifecycle.Both network security and data security are critical aspects of overall information security, and they work together to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of network resources and data.

Internet architecture and vulnerable security aspects
Internet architecture refers to the design and organization of the interconnected networks that make up the internet.It encompasses various protocols, technologies, and standards that govern the flow of information across the network.While The advent of the internet has brought about a significant transformation in our modes of communication, information retrieval, and business operations, it also poses significant security risks due to its open and decentralized nature.Some of the vulnerable security aspects of internet architecture include: Endpoints: The various devices that connect to the internet, such as computers, smartphones, and IoT devices, are often vulnerable to attacks.Endpoints can be compromised through various means, such as malware infections, phishing attacks, and weak passwords.
Transmission channels: The transmission channels used to transport data over the internet, such as wireless networks and physical cables, are also vulnerable to attacks.Attackers can intercept data transmissions or inject malicious traffic into the network.[5,[16][17][18] Network infrastructure: The network infrastructure that supports the internet, such as routers, switches, and DNS servers, is also vulnerable to attacks.An attacker can exploit vulnerabilities in these devices to gain unauthorized access to the network or disrupt its operations.
Application layer: The various applications and services that run on the internet, such as email, web browsers, and social media, are also vulnerable to attacks.Attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in these applications to gain unauthorized access to data or manipulate its contents.
Human factors: The human element of internet architecture is also a vulnerable security aspect.Social engineering attacks, such as phishing and spear-phishing, can trick users into divulging sensitive information or clicking on malicious links.
In summary, the open and decentralized nature of the internet architecture makes it vulnerable to various security risks.Addressing these vulnerabilities requires a multilayered approach that includes implementing security protocols, educating users, and regularly updating and patching systems.

Common internet attack method
There are numerous internet attack methods used by attackers to exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks.Some of the most common internet attack methods include: Malware: Malware, also known as malicious software, refers to software specifically created to inflict damage upon computer systems or networks.This category encompasses viruses, Trojans, and spyware, which can be transmitted through email attachments, downloads from untrustworthy websites, or infected removable media.
Phishing: Phishing constitutes a form of social engineering attack aimed at deceiving users into revealing confidential information, including usernames, passwords, and credit card details.These fraudulent activities are commonly executed via email, instant messaging, or social media platforms.
Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks: These attacks entail inundating a website or network with an excessive amount of traffic, rendering it inaccessible to genuine users.Denial of Service (DoS) attacks originate from a single source, whereas Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks harness multiple sources to generate a higher volume of traffic.
Man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks: Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks occur when an unauthorized entity intercepts and monitors or alters the content of communications between two parties.Typically, these attacks target unsecured wireless networks.SQL injection: SQL injection is an attack method that specifically focuses on web applications, wherein malicious SQL statements are injected into the application's database.The purpose is to illicitly acquire sensitive information or manipulate the contents of the database.
Cross-site scripting (XSS): Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks consist of inserting malicious code into a website with the intention of pilfering user data, such as cookies or session tokens.Typically, this attack method is executed via susceptible web forms or search fields.[20][21][22] Ransomware: Ransomware refers to a form of malicious software that encrypts files belonging to a target individual or organization, demanding a ransom payment in return for the decryption key.Commonly, ransomware is distributed through phishing emails or malicious downloads.

Security issues of IP protocol IPv6 and IPv4
Both IPv4 and IPv6 are Internet Protocols these are utilized for the purpose of recognizing and establishing communication with devices within a network.However, there are several security issues associated with IPv6 that are not present in IPv4.Some of the security issues of IPv6 include: Address space: IPv6 provides a much larger address space than IPv4, which means that it can support a large number of devices on a network.However, this also makes it more difficult to scan for and identify devices that may be vulnerable to attacks.
Fragmentation: IPv6 does not rely on fragmentation of packets like IPv4 does, which can create problems for devices that are not able to process large packets.This can lead to packet loss and delays in communication.Neighbour discovery: While utilizing IPv6, the Neighbour Discovery Protocol (NDP) is utilized to detect and locate other devices within the network.However, it is important to note that malicious actors can exploit NDP for conducting attacks such as address spoofing and denial of service (DoS) attacks.
Autoconfiguration: Within IPv6, there is a functionality known as stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), enabling devices to autonomously set up their IPv6 addresses without relying on a DHCP server.However, this can also make it easier for attackers to obtain network addresses and carry out attacks.
IPsec: IPv6 includes support for IPsec, a protocol that is used to encrypt and authenticate network traffic.However, the implementation of IPsec in IPv6 is not standardized, which can create interoperability issues between different devices.
Overall, IPv6 introduces several new security issues that are not present in IPv4.It is important for network administrators and security professionals to be aware of these issues and take steps to secure their networks accordingly.This may include implementing firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and other security measures to protect against attacks.Overall, security considerations in different networks will depend on factors such as the size and complexity of the network, the type of data being transmitted, and the potential consequences of a security breach.It is important to carefully evaluate the specific security needs of each network and implement appropriate security measures to mitigate the risk of attacks.

Current methods used in network security
There are a variety of methods used in network security to protect against cyberattacks and safeguard sensitive data.Here are some of the most commonly used methods: Firewalls: Firewalls serve as a fundamental security mechanism employed to selectively control both inbound and outbound network traffic, employing a predefined set of rules.They can be realized in the form of either hardware or software and are generally considered the initial layer of defence in a network security approach.
Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS): IDPS are used to detect and respond to potential security threats by analysing network traffic and identifying patterns that may indicate an attack.They can be used to alert network administrators to suspicious activity or take automated actions to prevent an attack.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are utilized to establish a secure link between distant devices via the internet.Encryption is employed to safeguard data transmitted through this connection, enabling secure remote access to a network.Access Controls: Access controls are used to restrict access to network resources based on the identity of the user or device.They can be used to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data and limit the potential damage caused by a security breach.
Encryption: The purpose of encryption is to safeguard data by transforming it into an illegible format that can only be deciphered using a specific decryption key.Encryption serves to protect both data transmitted over networks and data stored on devices.
Multi-factor Authentication (MFA): MFA is used to enhance the security of authentication mechanisms by requiring multiple forms of authentication to verify the identity of a user.This can include something the user knows (such as a password), something they have (such as a security token), or something they are (such as biometric data).

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM):
SIEM is used to collect and analyse data from various sources within a network to identify potential security threats.It can be used to correlate data from multiple sources to provide a more complete picture of network activity and help detect and respond to security incidents.
Overall, a combination of these methods is typically used in network security to create a multi-layered defence that can protect against a variety of potential security threats.

Investigation of the role of employee training and awareness in enhancing network security
Employee training and awareness are critical components of a comprehensive network security strategy.Here are some potential areas of research related to this topic: Evaluating the effectiveness of different types of employee training programs, such as classroom-based training, elearning, and simulation exercises.Investigating the role of employee motivation and engagement in enhancing the effectiveness of security awareness training.Assessing the impact of different communication strategies, such as newsletters, email alerts, and posters, in reinforcing security awareness and promoting best practices.Studying the effectiveness of gamification techniques in enhancing employee engagement and motivation in security awareness training.Investigating the impact of security culture and organizational norms on employee behaviour and the effectiveness of security awareness training.
Overall, research in this area can help organizations to better understand the factors that influence employee behaviour and the effectiveness of security awareness training.By identifying best practices and developing more effective training programs, organizations can reduce the risk of data breaches and cyberattacks.Development of new network security technologies and methods that can effectively address emerging security threats.The development of new network security technologies and methods is crucial to effectively address emerging security threats.Here are some potential areas of research: Investigating the use of blockchain technology in enhancing network security, such as the use of decentralized authentication systems and distributed ledger technology for securing network transactions.Developing new intrusion detection and prevention techniques that leverage advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to detect and respond to emerging threats.Studying the effectiveness of new cryptographic techniques, such as post-quantum cryptography, in protecting network communications from quantum computing-based attacks.
Investigating the use of software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) to enhance network security by enabling more granular control over network traffic and facilitating the deployment of security policies.Developing new methods for detecting and preventing insider threats, such as the use of behaviour-based analytics and user activity monitoring.Overall, research in this area can help to develop new network security technologies and methods that are better suited to address emerging security threats.By staying ahead of the evolving threat landscape, organizations can better protect their networks and data from cyber-attacks.Studying the impact of network topology on the effectiveness of network security measures, including the use of segmentation and micro segmentation to isolate critical assets and limit the spread of cyberattacks.
The impact of network topology on the effectiveness of network security measures is an important area of research, as it can help organizations to better understand how to protect their critical assets from cyber-attacks.Here are some potential areas of research: Investigating the impact of network segmentation on the effectiveness of network security measures, including the use of virtual LANs (VLANs) and firewalls to isolate critical assets from the rest of the network.Studying the effectiveness of micro segmentation techniques, which involve breaking down the network into smaller segments and applying more granular security policies to each segment.
Assessing the impact of network topology on the deployment and effectiveness of intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS), including the use of distributed IDPS sensors to cover different parts of the network.Investigating the effectiveness of different network topologies, such as hub-and-spoke vs. mesh networks, in limiting the spread of cyber-attacks and reducing the impact of a successful breach.Studying the impact of software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) on network topology and its effect on network security measures.
Overall, research in this area can help organizations to better understand the impact of network topology on the effectiveness of network security measures, and to develop more effective security strategies that take into account the unique characteristics of their network topology.By implementing appropriate segmentation and micro segmentation techniques, organizations can limit the potential impact of cyber-attacks and better protect their critical assets.

Conclusion
In conclusion, investigating the effectiveness of network security measures in protecting against emerging threats is a critical area of research that is essential for organizations to stay ahead of the ever-evolving cybersecurity landscape.As new threats such as fileless malware and zero-day exploits emerge, organizations must develop new strategies to protect their critical assets and data.Evaluating the effectiveness of different types of anti-malware software, sandboxing techniques, network segmentation and microsegmentation, behavioral-based detection and response techniques, and emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing, are all important research areas that can provide valuable insights into how organizations can better protect themselves against these threats.
By staying informed about the latest research in network security and investing in the development of new technologies and techniques, organizations can stay ahead of the curve and mitigate the risks associated with emerging threats.It is crucial for organizations to continuously review and update their security policies and strategies to ensure they are properly prepared to defend against the constantly evolving cybersecurity landscape.

Future work
Further research on the effectiveness of other network security measures, such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems.Investigation of the role of employee training and awareness in enhancing network security.Development of new network security technologies and methods that can effectively address emerging security threats.Exploration of the ethical and legal implications of network security measures, including issues related to privacy and data protection.
Integration of network security measures with broader cybersecurity strategies, such as incident response planning and risk management.Further research on the effectiveness of other network security measures, such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems: Further research on the effectiveness of other network security measures such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems can help to improve the overall security of computer networks.Here are some potential areas of research.Evaluating the effectiveness of next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) that incorporate advanced threat detection and prevention capabilities, such as deep packet inspection and behavioural analysis.Investigating the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) [2] to enhance their ability to detect and respond to sophisticated cyberattacks.
Comparing the effectiveness of different types of firewalls and IDPSs, such as hardware vs. software-based solutions, open-source vs. commercial solutions, and cloud-based vs. on-premises solutions.Studying the impact of network topology on the effectiveness of network security measures, including the use of segmentation and micro segmentation to isolate critical assets and limit the spread of cyberattacks.Investigating the effectiveness of network security measures in protecting against emerging threats, such as fileless malware and zero-day exploits.Overall, further research on the effectiveness of different network security measures can help organizations to make informed decisions about the best security strategies to [3,[7][8][9] implement in order to protect their networks from cyber threats.