Navigating the Future of Intelligent Transportation: Challenges and Solutions in 6G V2X and V2V Networks

Authors

  • Spandana Mande Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation image/svg+xml
  • Shaik Salma Asiya Begum Lakkireddy Bali Reddy College Of Engineering
  • Nandhakumar Ramachandran VIT-AP University image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4108/eetiot.5114

Keywords:

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks, Vehicle to Vehicle, Vehicle to Everything, Collective Perception, Information and Communication Technologies, Road side Units, Data Transmission

Abstract

Recent advancements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have transformed vehicular communication, facilitating Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) connectivity. These technologies enhance travel safety and efficiency while also reducing pollution and accident rates through optimised resource utilisation. V2X applications encounter significant challenges concerning traffic safety, data security, and scalability, necessitating thorough evaluation prior to extensive implementation. The rising prevalence of connected vehicles presents challenges, including network instability, heterogeneity, and extensive data management, which require novel solutions for effective communication. This study gives a new view on how to combine 6G technologies with V2X and V2V communication systems. It addresses important issues like security, resource allocation, and making sure that communication is very reliable and has low latency. Our study is different from others because it looks at all the technologies that make this possible, including Proportional Fairness Algorithms, machine learning, blockchain, and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS). We emphasise the significance of collective perception (CP) in improving traffic safety and resource efficiency through the sharing of sensor data among V2X-enabled entities, including vehicles, roadside units (RSUs), and vulnerable road users.This research provides a thorough analysis of advanced methodologies and their limitations, making it a valuable resource for scholars, academics, and industry professionals. It offers a framework for developing future intelligent transportation systems that utilise 6G capabilities to achieve high reliability, minimal latency, and optimal spectrum efficiency in vehicular networks.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
<br data-mce-bogus="1"> <br data-mce-bogus="1">

Author Biographies

Spandana Mande, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation

Spandana Mande is currently working as Assistant professor in KLU university. She Pursuing a Research scholar at VIT-AP University. She received MCA in computer science from Acharya Nagarjuna University in 2008, Andhra Pradesh India. She received M. Tech Degree in Computer Science and Technology from Andhra University in 2012, Andhra Pradesh, India. Her research interests include WirelessAdhoc and Sensor Networks,6G and Machine Learning.

Shaik Salma Asiya Begum, Lakkireddy Bali Reddy College Of Engineering

Dr. Shaik Salma Asiya Begum received the B.Tech. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, and the M.Tech. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, India. She has completed her Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering from the School of Computer Science and Engineering at VIT-AP University, Amaravati, India. She is currently an Associate Professor with the department of Computer Science and Engineering (AI&ML), LBRCE, India. Her research interests include machine learning, deep learning, and image processing. She got two best paper awards from iDEAAS and ETMDIT conferences which is held in the academic year 2023 and 2024.

Nandhakumar Ramachandran, VIT-AP University

Dr Nandhakumar Ramachandran received the B.Tech. degree in information technology and the M.E. degree in computer science and engineering from Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India. He is currently a Professor with VITAP University. He published various papers in reputed journals and conferences. His research interests include wireless sensor networks, mobile ad hoc networks, the IoT, network security, and machine learning. He was awarded his Ph.D. from Anna University.

References

[1] G. Ding, J. Yuan, G. Yu and Y. Jiang, "Two-Timescale Resource Management for Ultra reliable and Low-Latency Vehicular Communications," in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 3282-3294, May 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2022.3162366

[2] Y. Hou, X. Wu, X. Tang, X. Qin and M. Zhou, "Radio Resource Allocation and Power Control Scheme in V2V Communications Network," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 34529-34540, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3061711

[3] J. S. Alrubaye and B. S. Ghahfarokhi, "Geo-Based Resource Allocation for Joint Clustered V2I and V2V Communications in Cellular Networks," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 82601-82612, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3300294

[4] C. Wu, Z. Huang and Y. Zou, "Delay Constrained Hybrid Task Offloading of Internet of Vehicle: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Method," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 102778-102788, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3206359

[5] Q. Han, C. Liu, H. Yang and Z. Zuo, "Longitudinal Control-Oriented Spectrum Sharing Based on C-V2X for Vehicle Platoons," in IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1125-1136, March 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2022.3201816

[6] W. Qi, Q. Song, L. Guo and A. Jamalipour, "Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for UAV-Assisted Vehicular Networks With Spectrum Sharing," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 7691-7702, July 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2022.3163430

[7] Y. Yuan, G. Zheng, K. -K. Wong and K. B. Letaief, "Meta-Reinforcement Learning Based Resource Allocation for Dynamic V2X Communications," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 8964-8977, Sept. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2021.3098854

[8] Q. Zhou, C. Guo, C. Wang and L. Cui, "Radio Resource Management for C-V2X Using Graph Matching and Actor–Critic Learning," in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 2645-2649, Dec. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2022.3213176

[9] J. Shi, J. Du, Y. Shen, J. Wang, J. Yuan and Z. Han, "DRL-Based V2V Computation Offloading for Blockchain-Enabled Vehicular Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 3882-3897, 1 July 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2022.3153346

[10] L. Su et al., "Content Distribution Based on Joint V2I and V2V Scheduling in mmWave Vehicular Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 3201-3213, March 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2022.3141415

[11] X. Gu, W. Duan, G. Zhang, Y. Ji, M. Wen and P. -H. Ho, "Socially Aware V2X Networks with RIS: Joint Resource Optimization," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 6732-6737, June 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2022.3158955

[12] Y. Ju et al., "Joint Secure Offloading and Resource Allocation for Vehicular Edge Computing Network: A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 5555-5569, May 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2023.3242997

[13] J. Cui, F. Ouyang, Z. Ying, L. Wei and H. Zhong, "Secure and Efficient Data Sharing Among Vehicles Based on Consortium Blockchain," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 8857-8867, July 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3086976

[14] Y. Chen, Y. Wang, J. Zhang and M. D. Renzo, "QoS-Driven Spectrum Sharing for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) Aided Vehicular Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 5969-5985, Sept. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3071332

[15] S. Guo, B. -J. Hu and Q. Wen, "Joint Resource Allocation and Power Control for Full-Duplex V2I Communication in High-Density Vehicular Network," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 9497-9508, Nov. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2022.3177199

[16] M. S. Bute, P. Fan, Q. Luo, L. Zhang and F. Abbas, "QoS-Aware Content Dissemination Based on Integrated Social and Physical Attributes Among Cellular and V2V Users," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 12181-12194, Sept. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3267793

[17] R. Zhang, R. Lu, X. Cheng, N. Wang and L. Yang, "A UAV-Enabled Data Dissemination Protocol with Proactive Caching and File Sharing in V2X Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 3930-3942, June 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3064569

[18] H. M. Wang, S. S. Avedisov, O. Altintas and G. Orosz, "Multi-Vehicle Conflict Management with Status and Intent Sharing Under Time Delays," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1624-1637, Feb. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2022.3231639

[19] H. M. Wang, S. S. Avedisov, T. G. Molnár, A. H. Sakr, O. Altintas and G. Orosz, "Conflict Analysis for Cooperative Maneuvering With Status and Intent Sharing via V2X Communication," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1105-1118, Feb. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2022.3149796

[20] B. Zhao, J. Liu, B. Mao and S. Li, "Optimal Resource Allocation for Random Multiple Access Oriented SCMA-V2X Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 72, no. 8, pp. 10921-10932, Aug. 2023.

[21] Chen, Shanzhi & Liang, Ying-Chang & Sun, Shaohui & Kang, Shaoli & Cheng, Wenchi & Peng, Mugen. “Vision, Requirements, and Technology Trend of 6G: How to Tackle the Challenges of System Coverage, Capacity, User Data-Rate and Movement Speed.” IEEE Wireless Communications. PP. 1-11. 10.1109/MWC.001.1900333, 2022.

[22] Q. Liu, R. Luo, H. Liang and Q. Liu, "Energy-Efficient Joint Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation Strategy for ISAC-Aided 6G V2X Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 413-423, March 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2023.3234263

[23] A.Hegde, R. Song and A. Festag, "Radio Resource Allocation in 5G-NR V2X: A Multi-Agent Actor-Critic Based Approach," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 87225-87244, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3305267

[24] A.Zhao, J. Liu, B. Mao and S. Li, "Optimal Resource Allocation for Random Multiple Access Oriented SCMA-V2X Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 72, no. 8, pp. 10921-10932, Aug. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3262274

[25] L. -H. Nguyen, V. -L. Nguyen and J. -J. Kuo, "Risk-Based Transmission Control for Mitigating Network Congestion in Vehicle-to- Everything Communications," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 144469-144480, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3122101

[26] M. Noor-A-Rahim, Z. Liu, H. Lee, G. G. Md. N. Ali, D. Pesch and P. Xiao, "A survey on resource allocation in vehicular networks", IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 701-721, Feb. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2020.3019322

[27] A.Bazzi, A. O. Berthet, C. Campolo, B. M. Masini, A. Molinaro and A. Zanella, "On the design of sidelink for cellular V2X: A literature review and outlook for future", IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 97953-97980, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3094161

[28] Dora, Durga & Kumar, Sushil & Kaiwartya, Omprakash. (2015). “Efficient dynamic caching for geocast routing in VANETs.” 10.1109/SPIN.2015.7095262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/SPIN.2015.7095262

[29] M. Noor-A-Rahim et al., "6G for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications: Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 110, no. 6, pp. 712-734, June 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2022.3173031

[30] Brahmi, M. Hamdi and F. Zarai, "Chaotic Grey Wolf optimization-based resource allocation for vehicle-to-everything communications", Int. J. Commun. Syst., vol. 34, no. 13, pp. e4908, Sep. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4908

Downloads

Published

06-02-2025

How to Cite

[1]
S. Mande, S. S. A. Begum, and N. Ramachandran, “Navigating the Future of Intelligent Transportation: Challenges and Solutions in 6G V2X and V2V Networks”, EAI Endorsed Trans IoT, vol. 11, Feb. 2025.

Issue

Vol. 11 (2025): EAI Endorsed Transactions on Internet of Things

Section

Review article

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Spandana Mande, Nandhakumar Ramachandran, Shaik Salma Asiya Begum

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 license, which permits unlimited use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited.