A Quantitative Framework for the Selection of Hybrid Consensus Mechanisms in Blockchain-IoT Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4108/eetiot.10249Keywords:
Blockchain Technology, Internet of Things (IoT), Hybrid Consensus Mechanisms, Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), Hierarchical Consensus, Reputation-based Systems, ScalabilityAbstract
INTRODUCTION: The application of blockchain technology to Internet of Things (IoT) systems offers substantial potential for enhancing security, but traditional consensus mechanisms are ill-suited for resource-constrained environments. While hybrid consensus solutions have emerged as a promising alternative, a systematic framework for their classification and evaluation is notably absent.
OBJECTIVES: This study addresses this critical gap by introducing a novel, application-driven framework for analyzing hybrid consensus mechanisms, underpinned by a quantitative synthesis of performance benchmarks.
METHODS: We analyze diverse architectures—including combinations of Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), PBFT-enhanced systems, and hierarchical models—through the lens of specific IoT application priorities, such as latency, energy efficiency, and scalability. Case studies of IOTA's Tangle, IoTeX's Roll-DPoS, and Hyperledger Fabric illustrate these practical trade-offs.
RESULTS: Our framework reveals not only primary performance trade-offs but also critical "second-order" complexities, such as emergent vulnerabilities at the intersection of different consensus layers.
CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that this structured, quantitatively-grounded approach provides an effective methodology for designing and selecting regulatory-compliant hybrid consensus solutions for specific IoT applications.
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