3D modelling of a multi-operation machine drive with a spindle turret and an innovative bevel gear modelling procedure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4108/dtip.13384Keywords:
Machining center, Gear drive, Turret head, 3D modeling, Bevel gear, Innovative techniquesAbstract
INTRODUCTION: This paper examines the problem of integrated automated design and 3D modeling of a mechanical drive for a multi-operation drilling-milling-boring machine with modular spindle heads. The task of integrated machining, including both roughing and finishing methods, is relevant for single-part and small-scale production.
OBJECTIVES: This work aims to improve the process of designing and 3D modeling a stepped mechanical gear drive and a spindle turret head of a multi-operation machine in an advanced integrated CAD environment.
METHODS: Techniques employed is based on procedures for generating layouts and kinematic diagrams for the stepped mechanical drive of a multi-operation machine tool, facilitating the creation of a 3D design project using the Creo Parametric CAD toolkit. For bevel gear transmissions, an innovative procedure has been implemented for constructing 3D models specifically for the case of circular teeth.
RESULTS: A preliminary design was developed for a MoM three-stage drive unit with a six-spindle turret, designed for milling, drilling, and countersinking operations in single-part and small-scale production. A 3D design of a three-stage gear drive with a turret head was created at the kinematic level. An innovative procedure for constructing a 3D model of a bevel gear with a circular tooth has been implemented.
CONCLUSION: Based on a Mechanism software application using the Power Drive option, completed 3D modeling of a rotary mechanism specialized design for transmitting motion and torque from the engine to the turret spindles. Innovative procedure is based on profiling by cutting a tooth groove, simulating the process of cutting teeth on a hobbing machine for spiral bevel gears. The construction process takes into account the changing cross-sectional shapes and sizes, with a helical surface-shaped cross-sectional trajectory.
Downloads
References
[1] Brecher C, Weck M. Machine Tools Production Systems 3. Wiesbaden: Springer; 2022. 691 p. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-34622-5.
[2] Machining and machine tools. Research and development. In: Paulo Davim J, editor. Sawston: Cambridge Woodhead Publishing; 2013. 280 p.
[3] Marek J. Design of CNC Machine Tools. Czech Republic: MM publishing; 2015. 727 p.
[4] Li H, Deng Z-M, Golilars N. Reliability analysis of the main drive system of a CNC machine tool including early failures. Reliability Engineering System Safety. 2021; 215: 107846. doi:10.1016/j.ress.2021.107846.
[5] Gołębski R. Experimental Method of Machining Gears with an Involute Profile Using CNC Lathe with Driven Tools. Materials. 2022; 15(3): 1077. doi:10.3390/ma15031077.
[6] Maitra G. Handbook of gear design. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill PCL; 2001. 536 p.
[7] Litvin F. Theory of Gearing, Tech. rep. Chicago: University of Illinois; 1989. 478 p.
[8] Krol, O.S. Methods and Procedures for Optimizing Cutting Conditions: A Monograph. Luhansk: V. Dal SNU Press; 2013. 260 p.
[9] Krol O, Sokolov V, Machado J, Yakunin M. Development of a machining center drive with increased efficiency of gearing. International Journal of Mechatronics and Applied Mechanics. 2023; 13: 38–47. doi:10.17683/ijomam/issue13.5.
[10] Kuzmanović S, Miltenović V, Rackov M. Innovative design solutions of universal motor gearbox with helical gears. International Scientific Journal “Machines, Technologies, Materials”. 2020; XIV(4): 137–141.
[11] Khavin V, Lavinsky D, Kyrkach B, Kyrkach O, Permyakov A, Machado J. Static analysis of multi-support stepped spindle shafts using the modified jones-harris method for the calculation of support stiffness. International Journal of Mechatronics and Applied Mechanics. 2025; 20(1): 130-140. doi:10.17683/ijomam/issue20.13.
[12] Sinkora Ed. One Spindle, Two Spindles, Three Spindles, More? Southfield: SME Media; 2019; 121 p.
[13] Vu DB, Tran HD, Dinh VT, Vu D, Vu NP, Nguyen VT. Solving a Multi-Objective Optimization Problem of a Two-Stage Helical Gearbox with Second-Stage Double Gear Sets Using the MAIRCA Method. Appl. Sci. 2024; 14: 5274. doi:10.3390/app14125274.
[14] Salgado DR, Alonso FJ. Optimal machine tool spindle drive gearbox design. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2008; 37: 851–860. doi:10.1007/s00170-007-1028-6.
[15] Brecher C, Fey M, Daniels M. Modeling of Position-, Tool- and Workpiece-Dependent Milling Machine Dynamics. High Speed Mach. 2016; 2: 15–25. doi:10.1515/hsm-2016-0003.
[16] Chan TC, Hong YP, Yang JS, Yu JH, Dutta A, Reddy S. Design and Analysis of a High-Precision Horizontal Machine Tools. . International Journal of Robotics and Automation Technology. 2023; 10: 33–38. doi.org:10.31875/2409-9694.2023.10.04.
[17] Kumbar S, Birangane V. Design and analysis of machine tool spindle. The International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology. 2017; 48(7): 387–392.
[18] Kushnir E, Portman V, Aguilar A et al. Layout evaluation at earlier stages of machine tool design: form-shaping function-based approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2017; 90: 3333–3346. doi:10.1007/s00170-016-9667-0.
[19] Yakovenko I, Permyakov A, Dobrotvorskiy S, Basova Y, Kotliar A, Zinchenko, A. Prospects for the development of process equipment in aggregate-modular design for sustainable mechanical engineering. International Journal of Mechatronics and Applied Mechanics. 2023; 13: 145–157. doi:10.17683/ijomam/issue13.18.
[20] Wirth C, Höhn B-R, Braykoff C. New methods for the calculation of the load capacity of bevel and hypoid gears. Gear technology. 2013; June/July: 44–54.
[21] Bružas V, Lopatin V, Poluektov E. Development of solid models of gears with various geometries. Bulletin of IzhSTU. 2016; 4(72): pp. 22–25.
[22] Bjionowski B. A practical approach for modelling a bevel gear. Geartechnology. 2015; March/April: 68-75.
[23] Tsiafis I, Mamouri, P, Kyriakidis K. Design of a spiral bevel gear acc. to ISO 23509:2006 standards. MATEC Web Conf. 2020; 318: 01020. doi:10.1051/matecconf/202031801020.
[24] Lee KS. Research on a hybrid modeling method of a spiral bevel gear based on cutter simulation. J Mech Sci Technol. 2023; 37: 6153–6162. doi:10.1007/s12206-023-2408-z.
[25] Kubo A, Ueda A. Gear geometry as function of production method. The Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmission. 2017; 51: 27–44. doi:10.1299/jsmeimpt.2017.02-06.
[26] Gaiser U. 5-axis gear manufacturing gtts practical. Geartechnology. 2017; March/April: 32-34.
[27] Zhilevski M, Mikhov M. Study and Performance Improvement of the Drive Systems for a Class of Machine Tools. In: 14th International Conference on Modern Technologies in Manufacturing, MATEC Web of Conferences. Cluj Napoca, Romania. (2019); 299: 05003. doi:10.1051/matecconf/201929905003.
[28] Krol OS, Burlakov EI. Modeling the spindle assembly of a machining center. Newsletter of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: New solutions in current technologies. 2013; 11(985): 33–38.
[29] Krol OS. Methods and procedures for 3D modeling of metal-cutting machines and tools. Monograph. Severodonetsk: View of SNU im. V. Dahl; 2015. 120 p.
[30] Yakovenko IE, Pokhil AV. Study of the efficiency of additive manufacturing for clamping mechanisms in technological equipment. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Digital Transformation of Industrial Processes. 2025; 1(4): 1–8. doi:10.4108/dtip.11938.
[31] Wyndorps P. 3D-Konstruktion mit Creo Parametric und Windchill: PTC Creo 4.0 und PTC Windchill. Europa: Lehrmittel; 2022. 383 p. (in German).
[32] Zamriy A. Practical training course CAD/CAE APM WinMachine. Teaching aid. Moscow: Publishing House of APM; 2007. 287 p.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Oleg Krol
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, which permits copying, redistributing, remixing, transformation, and building upon the material in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited.
