Use MOOC to learn image denoising techniques

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4108/eetel.4396

Keywords:

MOOC, Image denoising, E-learning, Filtering Methods, Wavelet Transform, Deep Learning Approaches, Non-local Means Denoising

Abstract

This article focuses on using MOOCs to learn image denoising techniques. It begins with an introduction to the concept of MOOCs - these innovative online learning platforms that offer a wide range of courses across disciplines, providing convenient and affordable learning opportunities for a global audience. It then explains the characteristics of MOOC's wide coverage, high flexibility, and different from traditional education models. It then introduces the advantages of MOOCs: accessibility and inclusiveness (open to anyone with an Internet connection), cost-effectiveness (a cost-effective alternative, many courses available for free), flexibility and self-paced learning (the ability to learn at your own pace), a diverse curriculum and global expertise. Then the concept of image denoising is introduced - image denoising is a basic process of digital image processing, and the common denoising methods are described: filter method and the applicable range of various filters, the advantages and disadvantages of wavelet change, the advantages of deep learning method and the principle of non-local mean denoising technology. It then describes how MOOCs can help learn image denoising: integrating course content, getting expert guidance, hands-on exercises and projects, and community and peer communication. In addition, it introduces the challenges encountered by MOOCs: high dropout rate, quality and credibility of MOOCs, lack of interaction and humanization in traditional classrooms, accessibility. The relationship between E-learning and MOOC is also introduced – E-learning and MOOC play complementary roles in modern education. MOOC provide a structured, flexible, cost-effective environment and a transformative educational experience for learning about biological image denoising.

References

N. Voudoukis and G. Pagiatakis, "Massive open online courses (MOOCs): practices, trends, and challenges for the higher education," European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, vol. 3, pp. 288-295, 2022.

S. Al Shaqsi and R. T. Syed, "Massive Open Online Courses and Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Education Institutions," in Technology and Entrepreneurship Education: Adopting Creative Digital Approaches to Learning and Teaching, ed: Springer, 2022, pp. 187-206.

Y. Zhang, "Smart detection on abnormal breasts in digital mammography based on contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization and chaotic adaptive real-coded biogeography-based optimization," Simulation, vol. 92, pp. 873-885, 2016.

R. Singha, "The Implementation of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in India: An Initiative Toward Quality Education for Sustainable Development," in Public Policies and Sustainable Development in Post-Reform India: Regional Responses and the Way Forward, ed: Springer, 2023, pp. 225-241.

M. P. Pratama, R. Sampelolo, and H. Lura, "REVOLUTIONIZING EDUCATION: HARNESSING THE POWER OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PERSONALIZED LEARNING," KLASIKAL: JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, LANGUAGE TEACHING AND SCIENCE, vol. 5, pp. 350-357, 2023.

A. J. Purwanto, L. Samboteng, M. R. Kasmad, and M. Basit, "Global Trends and Policy Strategies and Their Implications for the Sustainable Development of MOOCs in Indonesia," in Fourth International Conference on Administrative Science (ICAS 2022), 2023, pp. 491-508.

Y. Zhang, "Feature Extraction of Brain MRI by Stationary Wavelet Transform and its Applications," Journal of Biological Systems, vol. 18, pp. 115-132, 2010.

J. Fabus, M. Garbarova, I. Kremenova, and L. Vartiak, "MOOC PLATFORMS: MODERN DISTANCE LEARNING," in EDULEARN23 Proceedings, 2023, pp. 3122-3130.

A. J. Guerrero-Quiñonez, M. C. Bedoya-Flores, E. F. Mosquera-Quiñonez, E. D. Ango-Ramos, and R. M. Lara-Tambaco, "The MOOC as an alternative model for university education," Ibero-American Journal of Education & Society Research, vol. 3, pp. 280-286, 2023.

D. F. Onah, E. L. Pang, and J. E. Sinclair, "An investigation of self-regulated learning in a novel MOOC platform," Journal of Computing in Higher Education, pp. 1-34, 2022.

I. King and W.-I. Lee, "Global MOOC Landscape," in A Decade of MOOCs and Beyond: Platforms, Policies, Pedagogy, Technology, and Ecosystems with an Emphasis on Greater China, ed: Springer, 2022, pp. 17-40.

E. H. Ramirez-Asis, K. Srinivas, K. Sivasubramanian, and K. Jaheer Mukthar, "Dynamics of inclusive and lifelong learning prospects through Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC): a descriptive study," in Technologies, Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Learning Post-COVID-19: The Crucial Role of International Accreditation, ed: Springer, 2022, pp. 679-696.

C. S. K. Abdulah, M. N. K. H. Rohani, B. Ismail, M. A. M. Isa, A. S. Rosmi, W. A. W. Mustafa, et al., "Review Study of Image De-Noising on Digital Image Processing and Applications," Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, vol. 30, pp. 331-343, 2023.

Y. Liu, X. Chen, X. Ma, X. Wang, J. Zhou, Y. Qiao, et al., "Unifying Image Processing as Visual Prompting Question Answering," arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.10513, 2023.

M. Rizwan, A. Shabbir, A. R. Javed, M. Shabbir, T. Baker, and D. A.-J. Obe, "Brain tumor and glioma grade classification using Gaussian convolutional neural network," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 29731-29740, 2022.

A. Shah, J. I. Bangash, A. W. Khan, I. Ahmed, A. Khan, A. Khan, et al., "Comparative analysis of median filter and its variants for removal of impulse noise from gray scale images," Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 34, pp. 505-519, 2022.

L. Wu, L. Fang, J. Yue, B. Zhang, P. Ghamisi, and M. He, "Deep bilateral filtering network for point-supervised semantic segmentation in remote sensing images," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 31, pp. 7419-7434, 2022.

G. Ramesh, J. Logeshwaran, J. Gowri, and A. Mathew, "The management and reduction of digital noise in video image processing by using transmission based noise elimination scheme," ICTACT Journal on Image & Video Processing, vol. 13, 2022.

D. Kusnik and B. Smolka, "Robust mean shift filter for mixed Gaussian and impulsive noise reduction in color digital images," Scientific Reports, vol. 12, p. 14951, 2022.

B. Gupta and S. S. Lamba, "Structure-aware adaptive bilateral texture filtering," Digital Signal Processing, vol. 123, p. 103386, 2022.

C. Tian, M. Zheng, W. Zuo, B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and D. Zhang, "Multi-stage image denoising with the wavelet transform," Pattern Recognition, vol. 134, p. 109050, 2023.

Y. Liang and W. Liang, "ResWCAE: Biometric Pattern Image Denoising Using Residual Wavelet-Conditioned Autoencoder," arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.12255, 2023.

A. Halidou, Y. Mohamadou, A. A. A. Ari, and E. J. G. Zacko, "Review of wavelet denoising algorithms," Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp. 1-31, 2023.

L. Jain and P. Singh, "A novel wavelet thresholding rule for speckle reduction from ultrasound images," Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 34, pp. 4461-4471, 2022.

S.-J. Moon, C. Kim, and G.-M. Park, "WaGI: Wavelet-based GAN Inversion for Preserving High-frequency Image Details," arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.09655, 2022.

A. Chiche and B. Yitagesu, "Part of speech tagging: a systematic review of deep learning and machine learning approaches," Journal of Big Data, vol. 9, pp. 1-25, 2022.

Y. Zhang, "Deep learning in food category recognition," Information Fusion, vol. 98, p. 101859, 2023.

Y.-D. Zhang, "ANC: Attention Network for COVID-19 Explainable Diagnosis Based on Convolutional Block Attention Module," Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, vol. 127, pp. 1037-1058, 2021.

Q. Zhang, J. Xiao, C. Tian, J. Chun‐Wei Lin, and S. Zhang, "A robust deformed convolutional neural network (CNN) for image denoising," CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology, vol. 8, pp. 331-342, 2023.

X. Zhang, "Diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia via a novel deep learning architecture," Journal of Computer Science and Technology, vol. 37, pp. 330-343, 2022.

Y. D. Zhang, "Pseudo Zernike Moment and Deep Stacked Sparse Autoencoder for COVID-19 Diagnosis," CMC-Computers Materials & Continua, vol. 69, pp. 3145-3162, 2021.

A. Kascenas, N. Pugeault, and A. Q. O’Neil, "Denoising autoencoders for unsupervised anomaly detection in brain MRI," in International Conference on Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, 2022, pp. 653-664.

M. Shafiq and Z. Gu, "Deep residual learning for image recognition: A survey," Applied Sciences, vol. 12, p. 8972, 2022.

Y.-D. Zhang, "Improving ductal carcinoma in situ classification by convolutional neural network with exponential linear unit and rank-based weighted pooling," Complex & Intelligent Systems, vol. 7, pp. 1295-1310, 2021.

S.-H. Wang, "DSSAE: Deep Stacked Sparse Autoencoder Analytical Model for COVID-19 Diagnosis by Fractional Fourier Entropy," ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems, vol. 13, Article ID: 2, 2021.

J. Su, B. Xu, and H. Yin, "A survey of deep learning approaches to image restoration," Neurocomputing, vol. 487, pp. 46-65, 2022.

X. Zhang, "Two-step non-local means method for image denoising," Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 33, pp. 341-366, 2022.

Y. Sun, Y. Wang, F. Tang, Y. Geng, Y. Xu, and M. Bu, "A two-stage synthetic non-local mean (NLM) filtering method for efficient denoising in quantitative phase imaging (QPI)," Journal of Modern Optics, pp. 1-13, 2023.

X. Zhang, "A modified non-local means using bilateral thresholding for image denoising," Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp. 1-22, 2023.

A. E. Mahdaoui, A. Ouahabi, and M. S. Moulay, "Image denoising using a compressive sensing approach based on regularization constraints," Sensors, vol. 22, p. 2199, 2022.

L. Li, J. Johnson, W. Aarhus, and D. Shah, "Key factors in MOOC pedagogy based on NLP sentiment analysis of learner reviews: What makes a hit," Computers & Education, vol. 176, p. 104354, 2022.

X. Lin, Q. Sun, and X. Zhang, "Increasing Student Online Interactions: Applying the Video Timeline-Anchored Comment (VTC) Tool to Asynchronous Online Video Discussions," International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 1-13, 2023.

M. Elad, B. Kawar, and G. Vaksman, "Image denoising: The deep learning revolution and beyond—a survey paper," SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, vol. 16, pp. 1594-1654, 2023.

A. Kessler, S. D. Craig, J. Goodell, D. Kurzweil, and S. W. Greenwald, "Learning engineering is a process," The Learning Engineering Toolkit: Evidence-Based Practices from the Learning Sciences, Instructional Design, and Beyond, pp. 29-46, 2022.

M. Mehrabi, A. R. Safarpour, and A. Keshtkar, "Massive open online courses (MOOCs) dropout rate in the world: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis," Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences, vol. 13, pp. 85-92, 2022.

K. A. Azhar, N. Iqbal, Z. Shah, and H. Ahmed, "Understanding high dropout rates in MOOCs–a qualitative case study from Pakistan," Innovations in Education and Teaching International, pp. 1-15, 2023.

I. Borrella, S. Caballero-Caballero, and E. Ponce-Cueto, "Taking action to reduce dropout in MOOCs: Tested interventions," Computers & Education, vol. 179, p. 104412, 2022.

T. Semenova, "The role of learners’ motivation in MOOC completion," Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, vol. 37, pp. 273-287, 2022.

N. A. Albelbisi, A. S. AL-ADWAN, and A. Habibi, "A qualitative analysis of the factors influencing the adoption of mooc in higher education," Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, vol. 24, pp. 217-231, 2023.

Y. Meng, "Problems, Causes and Countermeasures of MOOC in the Development of Higher Education in China," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Frontiers of Educational Technologies, 2022, pp. 87-91.

M. K. J. Carlon, S. Boonyubol, N. Keerativoranan, and J. S. Cross, "Educational Data Science Approach for an End-to-End Quality Assurance Process for Building Creditworthy Online Courses," in Educational Data Science: Essentials, Approaches, and Tendencies: Proactive Education based on Empirical Big Data Evidence, ed: Springer, 2023, pp. 151-191.

E. Surahman and T. H. Wang, "Academic dishonesty and trustworthy assessment in online learning: a systematic literature review," Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol. 38, pp. 1535-1553, 2022.

N. Jitpaisarnwattana, P. Darasawang, and H. Reinders, "Understanding affordances and limitations in a language MOOC from an activity theory perspective," Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, vol. 17, pp. 1-22, 2022.

J. L. R. Muñoz, F. M. Ojeda, D. L. A. Jurado, P. F. P. Peña, C. P. M. Carranza, H. Q. Berríos, et al., "Systematic review of adaptive learning technology for learning in higher education," Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, vol. 98, pp. 221-233, 2022.

K. A. Gamage, A. Gamage, and S. C. Dehideniya, "Online and hybrid teaching and learning: Enhance effective student engagement and experience," Education Sciences, vol. 12, p. 651, 2022.

F. Iniesto, P. McAndrew, S. Minocha, and T. Coughlan, "A qualitative study to understand the perspectives of MOOC providers on accessibility," Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 38, pp. 87-101, 2022.

T. Tate and M. Warschauer, "Equity in online learning," Educational Psychologist, vol. 57, pp. 192-206, 2022.

I. A. Mastan, D. I. Sensuse, R. R. Suryono, and K. Kautsarina, "Evaluation of distance learning system (e-learning): a systematic literature review," Jurnal Teknoinfo, vol. 16, pp. 132-137, 2022.

P. Nouraey and A. Al-Badi, "Challenges and Problems of e-Learning: A Conceptual Framework," Electronic Journal of e-Learning, vol. 21, pp. 188-199, 2023.

M. Ahmed Hussien Khalaf, "E-learning environment in Egypt," International Journal of Education and Learning Research, vol. 5, pp. 116-144, 2022.

S. El Emrani, M. Palomo-Duarte, J. M. Mota, and J. M. Dodero, "E-Learning through an Adaptive cMOOC: Is it Worthy of Further Research?," EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems, vol. 9, pp. e10-e10, 2022.

R.-E. Minga-Vallejo and M.-S. Ramírez-Montoya, "Social Construction of Learning: Analysis from the Participants of an Energy Sustainability xMOOC," in International conference on technological ecosystems for enhancing multiculturality, 2022, pp. 540-549.

P. Négyesi, Z. Csernai, and R. Racsko, "Attempts to Develop a New Type of Adaptive E-Learning Environment," What will our Future be Like?, p. 69, 2023.

S. Sengupta and D. Singhal, "Pandemic, MOOCs, and Responsible Management Education," in The Future of Responsible Management Education: University Leadership and the Digital Transformation Challenge, ed: Springer, 2023, pp. 299-315.

S. R. Virani, J. R. Saini, and S. Sharma, "Adoption of massive open online courses (MOOCs) for blended learning: The Indian educators’ perspective," Interactive Learning Environments, vol. 31, pp. 1060-1076, 2023.

N. Dabbagh, "The Pedagogical Ecology of Learning Technologies: A Learning Design Framework for Meaningful Online Learning," in Higher Education in the Arab World: E-Learning and Distance Education, ed: Springer, 2023, pp. 25-51.

M. Liu and D. Yu, "Towards intelligent E-learning systems," Education and Information Technologies, vol. 28, pp. 7845-7876, 2023.

A. S. Alanazi, "DEVELOPING A COGNITIVE PRESENCE FRAMEWORK FOR INCLUSIVE TEACHING: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT TRAINING FOR K-12 TEACHERS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND AUTISM," Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, vol. 58, 2023.

H. D. Mohammadian, Z. G. Langari, M. Castro, and V. Wittberg, "A Study of MOOCs Project (MODE IT), Techniques, and Know How-Do How Best Practices and Lessons from the Pandemic through the Tomorrow Age Theory," in 2022 IEEE Learning with MOOCS (LWMOOCS), 2022, pp. 179-191.

L. N. Wu, "Improved image filter based on SPCNN," Science In China Series F-Information Sciences, vol. 51, pp. 2115-2125, 2008.

M. Zhu and C. J. Bonk, "Guidelines and strategies for fostering and enhancing self-directed online learning," Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, pp. 1-17, 2022.

A. Gorman and K. Hall, "Exploring the impact of an online learning community to support student teachers on school placement," European Journal of Teacher Education, pp. 1-17, 2023.

C. Diwan, S. Srinivasa, G. Suri, S. Agarwal, and P. Ram, "AI-based learning content generation and learning pathway augmentation to increase learner engagement," Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, vol. 4, p. 100110, 2023.

M. Akour and M. Alenezi, "Higher education future in the era of digital transformation," Education Sciences, vol. 12, p. 784, 2022.

N. A. Mudawi, M. Pervaiz, B. I. Alabduallah, A. Alazeb, A. Alshahrani, S. S. Alotaibi, et al., "Predictive Analytics for Sustainable E-Learning: Tracking Student Behaviors," Sustainability, vol. 15, p. 14780, 2023.

Downloads

Published

21-11-2023

How to Cite

[1]
T. Zhao, “Use MOOC to learn image denoising techniques”, EAI Endorsed Trans e-Learn, vol. 9, Nov. 2023.