Frequency control of power system with electric vehicles using hybrid african vultures optimization algorithm and pattern search tuned fuzzy PID controller

P M Dash; A K Baliarsingh; Sangram K Mohapatra

doi:10.4108/ew.135

Authors

P M Dash Bhubaneswar Engineering College
A K Baliarsingh Government College of Engineering, Kalahandi
Sangram K Mohapatra Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4108/ew.135

Keywords:

African Vultures Optimization Algorithm, Automatic Generation Control, Fuzzy PID Controller, Electric Vehicles, Governor Dead Band, Generation Rate Constraint, Pattern Search

Abstract

This work suggests a hybrid African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) and Pattern search (hAVOA-PS) based Fuzzy PID (FPID) structure for frequency control of a nonlinear power system with Electric Vehicles (EVs). To illustrate the dominance of the projected hAVOA-PS algorithm, initially PI controllers are considered and results are compared with AVOA, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods. To further enhance the dynamic performance, PID and FPID controllers are considered. The dominance of FPID over PID and PI controllers is shown. In the next step, EVs are incorporated in the test system and a comparative analysis of hAVOA-PS based PI/PID/FPID and FPID+EV is presented. To exhibit the superiority of projected frequency control scheme in maintaining the stability of system under different disturbance conditions like load increase in area-1 only, load decrease/increase in all areas, and large load increase in all areas are considered. It is noticed that the suggested hAVOA-PS based FPID controller n presence of EV is able to maintain system stability for all the considered cases where as other compared approaches fail to maintain stability in some cases.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

O. I. Elgerd and C. E. Fosha, "Optimum Megawatt-Frequency Control of Multiarea Electric Energy Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1970,vol. 89, no. 4, pp. 556 – 563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1970.292602

O. I. Elgerd and H. H. Happ, "Electric Energy Systems Theory: An Introduction," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics,1972, Vols. SMC-2, no. 2, pp. 296-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1972.4309116

P. Kundur, "Power System Stability and Control," New Delhi: Tata McGraw, 2009.

D. Das, S. K. Aditya and D. P. Kothari, "Dynamics of diesel and wind turbine generators on an isolated power system," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems,1999, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 183-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-0615(98)00033-7

L. C. Saikia, J. Nanda and S. Mishra, "Performance comparison of several classical controllers in AGC for multi-area interconnected thermal system," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems,2011, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 394-401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.08.036

C. Ismayil, R. S. Kumar and T. K. Sindhu, "Optimal fractional order PID controller for automatic generation control of two‐area power systems," International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2015, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 3329-3348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/etep.2038

L. C. Saikia, N. Sinha and J. Nanda, "Maiden application of bacterial foraging based fuzzy IDD controller in AGC of a multi-area hydrothermal system," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems,2013, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 98-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.08.052

S. Mishra, R. C. Prusty and S. Panda, "Design and Analysis of 2dof-PID Controller for Frequency Regulation of Multi-Microgrid Using Hybrid Dragonfly and Pattern Search Algorithm," Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems, 2020, vol. 31, p. 813–827. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-019-00562-y

C. Wang, Y. Mi, Y. Fu and P. Wang, "Frequency Control of an Isolated Micro-Grid Using Double Sliding Mode Controllers and Disturbance Observer," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2018, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 923 – 930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2571439

A. Kumar, R.K. Khadanga, S Panda, “Reinforced modified equilibrium optimization technique-based MS-PID frequency regulator for a hybrid power system with renewable energy sources ” Soft Computing, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06558-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06558-8

H. Bevrani and P. Daneshmand, "Fuzzy logic-based load-frequency control concerning high penetration of wind turbines," IEEE systems journal,2012, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 173-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2011.2163028

R.K. Khadanga, A Kumar and S Panda “A novel sine augmented scaled sine cosine algorithm for frequency control issues of a hybrid distributed two-area power system” Neural Computing and Applications 33 (19), 12791-12804 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-05923-w

P. Nayak, R. Prusty and S. Panda, "Grasshopper optimization algorithm optimized multistage controller for automatic generation control of a power system with FACTS devices," Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2021,vol. 6, no. 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-021-00187-x

P. C. Nayak, U. C. Prusty, R. C. Prusty and S. Panda, "Imperialist competitive algorithm optimized cascade controller for load frequency control of multi-microgrid system," Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2021.1897710

P. C. Nayak, S. Mishra, R. C. Prusty and S. Panda, "Performance analysis of hydrogen aqua equalizer fuel-cell on AGC of Wind-hydro-thermal power systems with sunflower algorithm optimized fuzzy-PDFPI controller," International Journal of Ambient Energy,2020, vol. 43, pp. 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2020.1839556

P. C. Nayak, B. P. Nayak, R. C.Prusty and S. Panda, "Sunflower optimization based fractional order fuzzy PID controller," Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021,pp. 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2021.1953636

S. Abd-Elazim and E. Ali, "Load frequency controller design via BAT algorithm for nonlinear interconnected power system," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems,2016, vol. 77, pp. 166-177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.11.029

S. K. Sinha, R. N. Patel and R. Prasad, "Application of GA and PSO Tuned Fuzzy Controller for AGC of Three Area Thermal- Thermal-Hydro Power System," International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 2010, vol. 2, no. 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/IJCTE.2010.V2.146

P. C. Nayak, S. Patel, P. R. C. and P. S., "MVO-PS Optimized Hybrid FOFPID Controller for Load Frequency Control of an AC Micro-Grid System," International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE),2019, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 3805-3812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B2254.078219

Y. Arya and N. Kumar, "BFOA-scaled fractional order fuzzy PID controller applied to AGC of multi-area multi-source electric power generating systems," Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 2017, vol. 32, pp. 202-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2016.08.002

B. K. Sahu, S. Pati and S. Panda, "Hybrid differential evolution particle swarm optimisation optimised fuzzy proportional–integral derivative controller for automatic generation control of interconnected power system," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2014, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 1789 - 1800. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0097

K. H. Ang, G. Chong and Y. Li, "PID control system analysis, design, and technology," IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2005, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 559-576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2005.847331

A. Demiroren and E. Yesil, "Automatic generation control with fuzzy logic controllers in the power system including SMES units," Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 2004, vol. 26, no. 4, pp.291–305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2003.10.016

K. Parmar, S. Majhi and D. P. Kothari, "Improvement of Dynamic Performance of LFC of the Two Area Power System: an Analysis using MATLAB," International Journal of Computer Applications, 2012, vol. 40, no. 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5120/5002-7284

H.-X. Li and H. B. Gatland, "Conventional fuzzy control and its enhancement," in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), 1996, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 791-797. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/3477.537321

A. Fereidouni, M. A. Masoum and M. Moghbel, "A new adaptive configuration of PID type fuzzy logic controller," ISA Transactions, 2015, vol. 56, pp. 222-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2014.11.010

A. Savran and G. Kahraman, "A fuzzy model based adaptive PID controller design for nonlinear and uncertain processes," ISA Transactions, 2013, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 280-288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2013.09.020

A. E. Ezugwu, J. O. Agushaka, L. Abualigah, S. Mirjalili, A. H. Gandomi, “Prairie Dog Optimization Algorithm”, Neural Computing and Applications, 2022,34:20017–20065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07530-9

J. O. Agushakaa, A. E. Ezugwua, L. Abualigah, Dwarf Mongoose Optimization Algorithm, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 391 (2022) 114570 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2022.114570

J. O. Agushakaa, A. E. Ezugwua, L. Abualigah, Gazelle optimization algorithm: a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic optimizer, Neural Computing and Applications,2023,Vol. 35,pp.4099–4131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07854-6

G. Hu, Y. Zheng, L. Abualigah, A. G. Hussien, DETDO: An adaptive hybrid dandelion optimizer for engineering optimization, Advanced Engineering Informatics,2023, 57, 102004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2023.102004

M. Zare, M. Ghasemi, A. Zahedi, K. Golalipour, S. K. Mohammadi, S. Mirjalili, L. Abualigah, A global best-guided firefly algorithm for engineering problems, Journal of Bionic Engineering,2023,Vol.20, pp.2359–2388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-023-00386-2

Guha D, Roy PK, Banerjee S, Quasi-oppositional JAYA optimized 2-degree-of-freedom PID controller for load-frequency control of interconnected power systems, Int. J. Simul. Model. 2020, vol.15,pp.1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02286203.2020.1829444

Khokhar B, Dahiya S, Parmar KPS , Load frequency control of a microgrid employing a 2D Sine Logistic map based chaotic sine cosine algorithm, Applied Soft Computing,2021, Vol.109, 107564 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107564

Peddakapu K, Mohameda MR, Srinivasarao P, Leung PK, Frequency stabilization in interconnected power system using bat and harmony search algorithm with coordinated controllers, Applied Soft Computing,2021, 113:107986 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107986

El-Ela AAA, El-Sehiemy RA, Shaheen AM, Diab AE, Design of cascaded controller based on coyote optimizer for load frequency control in multi-area power systems with renewable sources, Control Engineering Practice,2022, vol.121, 105058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2021.105058

Irudayaraj AXR, Wahab NIA, Premkumar M. et al. Renewable sources-based automatic load frequency control of interconnected systems using chaotic atom search optimization, Applied Soft Computing, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2022.108574,2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2022.108574

Shayeghi H, Rahnama A, Alhelou HH, Frequency control of fully-renewable interconnected microgrid using fuzzy cascade controller with demand response program considering, Energy Reports,2021, Vol. 7,pp. 6077–6094 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.09.027

Raj IAX, Wahab NIA, Umamaheswari MG et.al., A Matignon's Theorem Based Stability Analysis of Hybrid Power System for Automatic Load Frequency Control Using Atom Search Optimized FOPID Controller, IEEE Access. 2020, vol.8, pp. 168751-168772. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3021212

Padhy S, Panda S , Application of a simplified Grey Wolf optimization technique for adaptive fuzzy PID controller design for frequency regulation of a distributed power generation system. Prot. Control Mod. Power Syst.2021, Vol.6, pp.1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-021-00180-4

B. Abdollahzadeh, F. S. Gharehchopogh, S. Mirjalili, African vultures optimization algorithm: A new nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization problems, Computers & Industrial Engineering,2021, 158, 107408 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2021.107408

B. Mohanty, S. Panda, and P. K. Hota, “Differential evolution algorithm based automatic generation control for interconnected power systems with non-linearity,” Alexandria Engineering J., 2014, vol. 53, pp. 537–552. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2014.06.006

K.R.M. Vijaya Chandrakala, S. Balamurugan, K. Sankaranarayanan, “Variable structure fuzzy gain scheduling-based load frequency controller for multi-source multi area hydro thermal system” Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2013, Vol. 53, pp. 375–381 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.05.009

Pabitra Mohan Dash, Asini Kumar Baliarsingh, Sangram Keshori Mohapatra, Hybrid African Vulture Optimization Algorithm and Pattern Search Tuned Fractional Order PID Controller for AGC of Electric Vehicles Integrated Power Systems, International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics,2023, Vol.15, Issue-2, pp.259-276,2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2023.15.2.6