Bus Allocation for Voltage Stabilization in Multi-Machine Power System Using GWO

Abstract

Today, power systems are being operated under greatly stressed conditions due to rapidly growing demand for electrical energy, penetration of renewable energy sources, large seasonal load variations, and operation in competitive energy market conditions. The main part of this work involves achieving complete system observability and improving voltage stability level simultaneously by placing a minimal number of PMUs. Initially, weak buses (very sensitive to smaller reactive power variations) are identified by using Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) calculation. In this work, the reliability of observing the weak buses is purposely maximized. Suppose any sudden voltage instability problem occurs on the weak bus. In that case,PMUs can immediately communicate to the operator and prevent the outage of the weak bus, even if one of the PMUs fails. PMUs can maintain the FVSI value of the critical lines, not exceeding their maximum limit, by initiating the remedial actions scheme, such as smart islanding, controlling the transformer tap settings, coordinating between automatic corrective devices, etc. In this system, the positioning of PMUs on poor buses should be favoured over other buses. Improved voltage reliability can be accomplished by effective and accurate control of critical lines and vulnerable buses. This is done by a small rise in the amount of PMUs relative to previous results.