Enhancing Information Security in Industry 5.0: A Human-Centric LL-ISMS Framework to Bridge PDCA Gaps

Abstract

Industry 5.0 is transforming the industrial paradigm by placing humans at the center of manufacturing and service processes. This approach, which emphasizes the synergistic collaboration between humans and cyber-physical systems (CPS), goes beyond the purely productivity-oriented goals of Industry 4.0 and prioritizes sustainability, resilience, and human well-being. However, the evolving nature of human-machine interactions poses complex security challenges. Traditional information security management systems (ISMS), which are based on the PDCA cycle and top-down approaches, face limitations in adapting to operational dynamics and receiving qualitative feedback from frontline workers. This paper introduces a complementary human-centric framework, “Low-Level ISMS” (LL-ISMS), while identifying emerging security risks in these complex ecosystems. The framework operates as a bottom-up feedback loop and focuses on four key stages: purposeful preparation (Do’), practical perception (Feel), critical analysis (Think), and active participation (Help). By connecting operational insights from employees to management decisions, LL-ISMS significantly increases the effectiveness of security management in Industry 5.0 environments and fosters a shared and dynamic security culture.