Blockchain Enabled Interpolation Based Reversible Data Hiding Mechanism for Protecting Records

Authors

  • Abhinandan Tripathi Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology image/svg+xml
  • Jay Prakash Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4108/eetsis.v10i4.2934

Keywords:

PSNR, SSIM, RDH, Blockchain

Abstract

A diagnosis can be made using a lot of the crucial information contained in medical snaps. Medical images have become a target for malicious attacks due to the requirement for regular communication in order to provide flexibility and accurate diagnosis. In order to protect medical images, encryption algorithms are used. Because of this, medical photos are encrypted before being transmitted; yet, this is only one layer of security. Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) techniques have recently been used to incorporate private data into medical images. This enables efficient and safe communication, and the secretly contained information—such as personal and medical records—is highly helpful for making medical diagnosis. However, the limited embedding capacity of current RDH systems continues to limit their usefulness. In this study, a Reversible Data Hiding method based on a histogram shifting and interpolation scheme is highlighted. The achievable embedding capacity (EC) for the suggested technique is one bit per pixel (bpp) for both digital and medical images. A blockchain-based system based on three keys is used to encrypt the images. The proposed blockchain mechanism is secure against outside threats. To verify the utility of the suggested strategy, the outcomes are compared to cutting-edge techniques for both digital and medical photos. Along with the hash value of the actual medicinal snaps, the private information is preserved on the blockchain. Due to this, all medical photos transmitted through the suggested blockchain network may be monitored. The experiments and analysis are shows that the proposed scheme has excellent security has attained during the entire process. It also achieved high embedding capacity, PSNR, rate and low SSIM throughout the process of data concealing.

References

M. G. R. Alam, M. S. Munir, M. Z. Uddin, M. S. Alam,T. N. Dang, and C. S. Hong, “Edge-of-things computing

framework for cost-effective provisioning of healthcare data,”Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, vol. 123,pp. 54–60, 2019.

Y. Yang, X. Xiao, X. Cai, and W. Zhang, “A secure and high visual-quality framework for medical images by contrast enhancement reversible data hiding and homomorphic encryption,”IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 96900–96911, 2019..

Y. Yang, X. Xiao, X. Cai, and W. Zhang, “A secure and privacy-preserving technique based on contrast-enhancement reversible data hiding and plaintext encryption for medical images,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 27, pp. 256–260, 2020.

J.-J. Li, C.-F. Lee, C.-C. Chang, J.-Y. Lin, and Y.-H. Wu, “Reversible data hiding scheme based on quad-tree and pixel value ordering,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 142947–142962, 2019.

F. Aziz, T. Ahmad, A. H. Malik, M. I. Uddin, S. Ahmad, and M. Sharaf, “Reversible data hiding techniques with high message embedding capacity in images,” PLoS One, vol. 15, Article ID e0231602, 2020.

Yaghobi, Shabnam Rahber, and Hedieh Sajedi. "Text steganography in webometrics." International Journal of Information Technology 13, no. 2 (2021): 621-635.

Z. Wang, N. Luo, and P. Zhou, “Guardhealth: blockchain empowered secure data management and graph convolutional network enabled anomaly detection in smart healthcare,” Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, vol. 142, pp. 1–12, 2020.

S. Gao, T. Yu, J. Zhu, and W. Cai, “T-PBFT: an EigenTrustbased practical Byzantine fault tolerance consensus algorithm,”China Communications, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 111–123, 2019.

Hwang, J.H., Kim, J.W., Choi, J.U., 2006. A reversible watermarking based on histogram shifting. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. Lect. Notes Bioinformatics) 4283 LNCS, 348–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/11922841_28.

Kuo, W.C., Jiang, D.J., Huang, Y.C., 2007. Reversible data hiding based on histogram. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. Lect. Notes Bioinformatics) 4682 LNAI, 1152–1161. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540- 74205-0_119.

Li, X., Zhang, W., Gui, X., Yang, B., 2015. Efficient reversible data hiding based on multiple histograms modification. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 10, 2016–2027. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2015.2444354.

Pan, Z., Gao, X., Wang, L., Gao, E., 2020. Effective reversible data hiding using dynamic neighboring pixels prediction based on prediction-error histogram. Multimed. Tools Appl. 79, 12569–12595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08335-0.

Wang, J., Mao, N., Chen, X., Ni, J., Wang, C., Shi, Y., 2019. Multiple histogramsbased reversible data hiding by using FCM clustering. Signal Process. 159, 193–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2019.02.013.

Alattar, A.M., 2004. Reversible watermark using difference expansion of quads, in:ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing – Proceedings

Tian, J., 2003. Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 13, 890–896. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2003.815962

Wang, W., Ye, J., Wang, T., Wang, W., 2017. Reversible data hiding scheme based on significant-bit-difference expansion. IET Image Process. 11, 1002–1014. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2017.0151.

Liu, Y.C., Wu, H.C., Yu, S.S., 2011. Adaptive DE-based reversible Steganographic technique using bilinear interpolation and simplified location map. Multimed. Tools Appl. 52, 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0496-0.

Chang, C.C., Lin, C.Y., Fan, Y.H., 2008. Lossless data hiding for color images based on block truncation coding. Pattern Recogn. 41, 2347–2357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2007.12.009.

Lu, Z.M., Wang, J.X., Liu, B.B., 2009. An improved lossless data hiding scheme based on image VQ-index residual value coding. J. Syst. Softw. 82, 1016–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2009.01.010

Lin, C.C., Liu, X.L., Tai, W.L., Yuan, S.M., 2015. A novel reversible data hiding scheme based on AMBTC compression technique. Multimed. Tools Appl. 74, 3823–3842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1801-5.

Lee, C.F., Huang, Y.L., 2012. An efficient image interpolation increasing payload in reversible data hiding. Expert Syst. Appl. 39, 6712–6719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.12.019.

Jung, K.H., Yoo, K.Y., 2009. Data hiding method using image interpolation. Comput.Stand. Interfaces 31, 465–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2008.06.001.

Malik, A., Sikka, G., Verma, H.K., 2017. Image interpolation based high capacity reversible data hiding scheme. Multimed. Tools Appl. 76, 24107–24123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-4186-4

Chang, Y.T., Huang, C.T., Lee, C.F., Wang, S.J., 2013. Image interpolating based data hiding in conjunction with pixel-shifting of histogram. J. Supercomput. 66,1093–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-013-1016-6.

Sah, Basant, and Vijay Kumar Jha. "Reversible data hiding technique using novel interpolation technique and discrete cosine transform." International Journal of Integrated Engineering 11, no. 1 (2019).

Ma, Kede, Weiming Zhang, Xianfeng Zhao, Nenghai Yu, and Fenghua Li."Reversible data hiding in encrypted images by reserving room before encryption."IEEE Transactions on information forensics and security 8, no. 3 (2013): 553-562.

Horng, Ji-Hwei, Ching-Chun Chang, Guan-Long Li, Wai-Kong Lee, and Seong Oun Hwang. "Blockchain-Based Reversible Data Hiding for Securing Medical Images." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (2021).

Parah, Shabir A., Farhana Ahad, Javaid A. Sheikh, and Ghulam Mohiuddin Bhat. "Hiding clinical information in medical images: a new high capacity and reversible data hiding technique." Journal of biomedical informatics 66 (2017): 214-230.

Chen, Yung-Yao, and Kuan-Yu Chi. "Cloud image watermarking: high quality data hiding and blind decoding scheme based on block truncation coding." Multimedia Systems 25, no. 5 (2019): 551-563.

Loan, Nazir A., Shabir A. Parah, Javaid A. Sheikh, Jahangir A. Akhoon, and Ghulam M. Bhat. "Hiding electronic patient record (EPR) in medical images: a high capacity and computationally efficient technique for e-healthcare applications." Journal of biomedical informatics 73 (2017): 125-136.

Geetha, R., and S. Geetha. "Embedding electronic patient information in clinical images: an improved and efficient reversible data hiding technique." Multimedia Tools and Applications 79, no. 19 (2020): 12869-12890.

Yang, Yang, Weiming Zhang, Dong Liang, and Nenghai Yu. "A ROI-based high capacity reversible data hiding scheme with contrast enhancement for medical images." Multimedia Tools and Applications 77, no. 14 (2018): 18043-18065.

Gao, Guangyong, Shikun Tong, Zhihua Xia, Bin Wu, Liya Xu, and Zhiqiang Zhao. "Reversible data hiding with automatic contrast enhancement for medical images." Signal Processing 178 (2021): 107817.

Balasamy, K., and S. Suganyadevi. "A fuzzy based ROI selection for encryption and watermarking in medical image using DWT and SVD." Multimedia tools and applications 80, no. 5 (2021): 7167-7186.

Liu, Yuling, Xinxin Qu, and Guojiang Xin. "A ROI-based reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted medical images." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 39 (2016): 51-57.

Zhang, Shun, Tiegang Gao, and Lin Gao. "A novel encryption frame for medical image with watermark based on hyperchaotic system." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014).

Ahmad, Khaleel, and Md Shoaib Alam. "E-commerce security through elliptic curve cryptography." Procedia Computer Science 78 (2016): 867-873.

Zhang, Ru, Chunjing Lu, and Jianyi Liu. "A high capacity reversible data hiding scheme for encrypted covers based on histogram shifting." Journal of Information Security and Applications 47 (2019): 199-207.

Jin, Hao, et al. "A review of secure and privacy-preserving medical data sharing." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 61656-61669.

Alvi, Ashik Mostafa, et al. "An adaptive image smoothing technique based on localization." Developments of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Computation and Robotics: Proceedings of the 14th International FLINS Conference (FLINS 2020). 2020.

Kaissis, Georgios A., et al. "Secure, privacy-preserving and federated machine learning in medical imaging." Nature Machine Intelligence 2.6 (2020): 305-311.

Alvi, Ashik Mostafa, et al. "An adaptive grayscale image de-noising technique by fuzzy inference system." 2017 13th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD). IEEE, 2017.

Zhang, Mingwu, Yu Chen, and Jingqiang Lin. "A privacy-preserving optimization of neighborhood-based recommendation for medical-aided diagnosis and treatment." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8.13 (2021): 10830-10842.

Singh, Ravinder, et al. "Investigation of social behaviour patterns using location-based data–a melbourne case study." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 8.31 (2020).

Vimalachandran, Pasupathy, et al. "The Australian PCEHR system: ensuring privacy and security through an improved access control mechanism." arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.07778 (2017).

Ge, Yong-Feng, et al. "MDDE: multitasking distributed differential evolution for privacy-preserving database fragmentation." The VLDB Journal 31.5 (2022): 957-975.

Chenthara, Shekha, et al. "Healthchain: A novel framework on privacy preservation of electronic health records using blockchain technology." Plos one 15.12 (2020): e0243043.

Yin, Jiao, et al. "Knowledge-driven cybersecurity intelligence: software vulnerability co-exploitation behaviour discovery." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics (2022).

Downloads

Published

24-05-2023

How to Cite

1.
Abhinandan Tripathi, Prakash J. Blockchain Enabled Interpolation Based Reversible Data Hiding Mechanism for Protecting Records. EAI Endorsed Scal Inf Syst [Internet]. 2023 May 24 [cited 2024 Apr. 26];10(5). Available from: https://publications.eai.eu/index.php/sis/article/view/2934