Research on Active Equalization of Energy Storage Lithium Batteries under a Modular Layered Architecture for Smart Grid Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4108/ew.11711Keywords:
Energy storage lithium battery, State of charge (SOC), Active equalization, Hierarchical equalization circuit, Fuzzy controlAbstract
INTRODUCTION: In smart grid applications, energy storage systems (ESS) are critical for balancing power supply and demand, but they often suffer from performance degradation due to State of Charge (SOC) inconsistencies in series-configured lithium battery packs. These disparities can compromise grid stability and battery lifespan.
OBJECTIVES: This study proposes an active equalization method based on a novel modular layered architecture for ESS in smart grids. The core innovation lies in the synergistic combination of a hierarchical bidirectional Buck-Boost topology and a multivariable fusion fuzzy logic control strategy, aiming to enhance battery consistency, efficiency, and reliability for grid support.
METHODS: A hierarchical BUCK-BOOST-based circuit is designed to enable bidirectional energy transfer, incorporating a multivariable fuzzy controller for real-time regulation of balancing currents. This approach facilitates cooperative equalization within and between battery groups, optimizing energy flow.
RESULTS: Simulations based on an eight-cell model in Matlab/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical topology reduces equalization time by 11.53% compared to the conventional single-layer topology. Furthermore, with the proposed multivariable fusion fuzzy logic control algorithm, the equalization time is further reduced by 26%, significantly improving both the equalization speed and adaptability to dynamic grid conditions.
CONCLUSION: The proposed strategy effectively mitigates battery inconsistencies, enhancing the overall performance and safety of energy storage systems in practical applications. It provides a reliable technical approach for battery management in smart grids.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Qingdong Luo, Xiyuan Wan, Qiangwei Liu, Jingjing Lou, Zhikang Jin, Chaoqun Jin, Pengfei Zhen
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