Wireless Sensor Network Implementations in Precision Agriculture and Associated Network Fault Management Frameworks: A Survey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4108/eetinis.132.11509Keywords:
Precision Agriculture, Wireless Sensor Networks, Clustering Protocols, Fault Management FrameworksAbstract
Precision Agriculture (PA) utilizes Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to continuously monitor and collect data on both plants and machinery. Thereafter, data-driven proactive decision-making is used for crop protection, yield optimization, and other agriculture management tasks. These WSNs rely on clustering protocols to facilitate sensor node communications. However, the adverse, spatio-temporal nature of agricultural environments and the need for real-time operation pose severe challenges that manifest as physical and protocol-level network faults. This survey adopts a novel perspective of Cross-Layer Resilience in Spatio-Temporal Agricultural IoT to evaluate how hardware-level physical faults cascade into routing failures. We survey a range of clustering protocols and fault management frameworks devised to address these faults using proactive and reactive techniques, ultimately enabling sensor networks to maintain survivability and continuous quality of service.
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